Abstract:
Introduction
Achieving optimal HIV outcomes, as measured by global 90-90-90 targets, that is awareness of HIV-positive status, receipt of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy among aware and viral load (VL) suppression among those on ARVs, respectively, is critical. However, few data from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are available on older people (50+) living with HIV (OPLWH). We examined 90-90-90 progress by age, 15–49 (as a comparison) and 50+ years, with further analyses among 50+ (55–59, 60–64, 65+ vs. 50–54), in 13 countries (Cameroon, Cote d’Ivoire, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe).
Methods
Using data from nationally representative Population-based HIV Impact Assessments, conducted between 2015and 2019, participants from randomly selected households provided demographic and clinical information and whole blood specimens for HIV serology, VL and ARV testing. Survey weighted outcomes were estimated for 90-90-90 targets. Country-specific Poisson regression models examined 90-90-90 variation among OPLWH age strata.
Results
Analyses included 24,826 HIV-positive individuals (15–49 years: 20,170; 50+ years: 4656). The first, second and third 90 outcomes were achieved in 1, 10 and 5 countries, respectively, by those aged 15–49, while OPLWH achieved outcomes in 3, 13 and 12 countries, respectively. Among those aged 15–49, women were more likely to achieve 90-90-90 targets than men; however, among OPLWH, men were more likely to achieve first and third 90 targets than women, with second 90 achievement being equivalent. Country-specific 90-90-90 regression models among OPLWH demonstrated minimal variation by age stratum across 13 countries. Among OLPWH, no first 90 target differences were noted by age strata; three countries varied in the second 90 by older age strata but not in a consistent direction; one country showed higher achievement of the third 90 in an older age stratum.
Conclusions
While OPLWH in these 13 countries were slightly more likely than younger people to be aware of their HIV-positive status (first 90), this target was not achieved in most countries. However, OPLWH achieved treatment (second 90) and VL suppression (third 90) targets in more countries than PLWH <50. Findings support expanded HIV testing, prevention and treatment services to meet ongoing OPLWH health needs in SSA.
Authors:
Shannon M. Farley, Chunhui Wang, Rachel M. Bray, Andrea Jane Low, Stephen Delgado, David Hoos, Angela N. Kakishozi, Tiffany G. Harris, Rose Nyirenda, Nellie Wadonda, Michelle Li, Mbaraka Amuri, James Juma, Nzali Kancheya, Ismela Pietersen, Nicholus Mutenda, Salomo Natanael, Appolonia Aoko, Evelyn W. Ngugi, Fred Asiimwe, Shirley Lecher, Jennifer Ward, Prisca Chikwanda, Owen Mugurungi, Brian Moyo, Peter Nkurunziza, Dorothy Aibo, Andrew Kabala, Sam Biraro, Felix Ndagije, Godfrey Musuka, Clement Ndongmo, Judith Shang, Emily K. Dokubo, Laura E. Dimite, Rachel McCullough-Sanden, Anne-Cecile Bissek, Yimam Getaneh, Frehywot Eshetu, Tepa Nkumbula, Lyson Tenthani, Felix R. Kayigamba, Wilford Kirungi, Joshua Musinguzi, Shirish Balachandra, Eugenie Kayirangwa, Ayiyi Ayite, Christine A. West, Stephane Bodika, Katrina Sleeman, Hetal K. Patel, Kristin Brown, Andrew C. Voetsch, Wafaa M. El-Sadr, Jessica J. Justman
