Background

Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of death among people living with HIV (PLHIV). To prevent TB among PLHIV, the Ugandan national guidelines recommend Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) across differentiated service delivery (DSD) models, an effective way of delivering ART. DSD models include Community Drug Distribution Point (CDDP), Community Client-led ART Delivery (CCLAD), Facility-Based Individual Management (FBIM), Facility-Based Group (FBG), and Fast Track Drug Refill (FTDR). Little is known about the impact of delivering IPT through DSD.

Methods

We reviewed medical records of PLHIV who initiated IPT between June-September 2019 at TASO Soroti (TS), Katakwi Hospital (KH) and Soroti Regional Referral Hospital (SRRH). We defined IPT completion as completing a course of isoniazid within 6–9 months. We utilized a modified Poisson regression to compare IPT completion across DSD models and determine factors associated with IPT completion in each DSD model.

Results

Data from 2968 PLHIV were reviewed (SRRH: 50.2%, TS: 25.8%, KH: 24.0%); females: 60.7%; first-line ART: 91.7%; and Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimen: 61.9%. At IPT initiation, the median age and duration on ART were 41.5 (interquartile range [IQR]; 32.3–50.2) and 6.0 (IQR: 3.7–8.6) years, respectively. IPT completion overall was 92.8% (95%CI: 91.8–93.7%); highest in CDDP (98.1%, 95%CI: 95.0–99.3%) and lowest in FBG (85.8%, 95%CI: 79.0–90.7%). Compared to FBIM, IPT completion was significantly higher in CDDP (adjusted rate ratio [aRR] = 1.15, 95%CI: 1.09–1.22) and CCLAD (aRR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.02–1.16). In facility-based models, IPT completion differed between sites (p<0.001). IPT completion increased with age for FBIM and CCLAD and was lower among female participants in the CCLAD (aRR = 0.82, 95%CI 0.67–0.97).

Conclusion

IPT completion was high overall but highest in community-based models. Our findings provide evidence that supports integration of IPT within DSD models for ART delivery in Uganda and similar settings.